--- title: How Data Analytics and AI Are Redefining Care Management Staffing Ratios description: Discover how advanced analytics and AI are transforming care management staffing ratios, enhancing member engagement, and improving outcomes while reducing costs in healthcare. image: https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/hubfs/AdobeStock_1869599458.jpeg --- [![Vital Data Technology Logo](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/hs-fs/hubfs/VitalData_Main%20Logo.png?width=2793&height=595&name=VitalData_Main%20Logo.png "Vital Data Technology Logo")](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/) - [Home](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/) - [Solutions](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/solutions/) - Affinitē Clinical Workflows - [Care Management (CM)](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/care-management/) - [Utilization Management (UM)](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/utilization-management/) - [Affinitē Benefit Query Engine (BQE)](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/benefit-query-engine/) - [Quality Improvement (QI)](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/quality-improvement/) - [Appeals & Grievances (AG)](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/appeals-grievances/) - [Affinitē Intelligent Insights](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/intelligent-insights/) - [Predictive Insights](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/predictive-insights/) - [Population Health Analytics](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/population-health-analytics/) - [Care Gap Analytics](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/care-gap-analytics/) - [Risk Analytics](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/risk-analytics/) - [Affinitē Platform](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/affinite-platform/) - [Analytics + Execution](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/analytics-plus-execution/) - [Intelligent Automation](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/intelligent-automation/) - [Health Data Management](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/health-data-management/) - [Member and Provider Engagement](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/provider-member-engagement/) - [Who We Serve](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/who-we-serve/) - Company - [About Us](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/about-us/) - [Careers](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/careers/) - [Privacy Policy](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/privacy-policy/) - [Resources](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/resources/) - [Blog](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/) - [Videos](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/videos/) - [Solution Briefs](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/solution-briefs/) - [Contact Us](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/contact-us/) [February 24, 2026](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/author/vital-data-technology) [intelligent automation](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/intelligent-automation), [Care Management](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/care-management), [AI](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/ai), [Staffing Ratios](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/staffing-ratios) # How Data Analytics and AI Are Redefining Care Management Staffing Ratios ![AdobeStock_1869599458](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/hs-fs/hubfs/AdobeStock_1869599458.jpeg?width=6245&height=3500&name=AdobeStock_1869599458.jpeg) Health plans today face a structural paradox. Member acuity is rising. Workforce constraints are tightening. Administrative complexity continues to grow. Yet expectations for improved outcomes, lower total cost of care, and higher member engagement have never been greater. In this environment, simply hiring more care managers is not a scalable strategy. The future of care management efficiency lies in operational intelligence — the application of advanced analytics and AI to fundamentally improve staffing ratios and workforce productivity. According to [McKinsey & Company](https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare/our-insights/healthcare-blog/how-insurer-led-care-model-innovation-can-transform-healthcare?utm_source=chatgpt.com), many payers dedicate more than 10% of administrative spend to care management, yet capture only a portion of the potential value due to inefficiencies in targeting, workflow execution, and program design. Similarly, [Deloitte](https://www.deloitte.com/us/en/Industries/life-sciences-health-care/blogs/health-care/global-health-care-sector-outlook.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com)reports that over 60% of health plan executives cite workforce productivity and automation as top strategic priorities in the next three years. The implication is clear: improving staffing ratios is not merely an HR issue — it is an enterprise transformation priority. ## Why Staffing Ratios Matter More Than Ever Staffing ratio — defined as the number of members a care manager can effectively manage — directly influences cost per member, program scalability, and measurable clinical impact. Traditional models often constrain care managers to caseloads of 25–30 members in complex care programs due to manual triage, documentation burden, and fragmented systems. When administrative work consumes the majority of a clinician’s day, both productivity and engagement suffer. [NEJM Catalyst](https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/CAT.17.0559) has emphasized that high-performing care management programs share a common trait: technology-enabled workflow optimization that frees clinicians to focus on intervention rather than administration. Without that optimization, caseload capacity remains artificially suppressed. Improving staffing ratios by even 20–40% can dramatically reduce per-member program cost and expand outreach without increasing headcount — a particularly important lever in value-based care environments. ## The Shift from Reactive to Predictive Care Management One of the most significant drivers of inefficient staffing ratios is delayed identification of high-risk members. Many plans still rely heavily on retrospective claims data, which flags members after utilization events have already occurred. [JAMA](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2752664#google_vignette) has repeatedly highlighted the importance of predictive modeling and risk stratification in improving chronic disease management outcomes. AI-powered risk stratification changes the equation. By incorporating real-time data signals — claims, ADT alerts, pharmacy data, behavioral indicators, and social determinants of health (SDoH) — health plans can prioritize members most likely to benefit from intervention before costly events occur. When case prioritization is automated: - Care managers spend less time sorting lists. - High-impact members are surfaced automatically. - Interventions become proactive rather than reactive. - Staffing ratios improve without sacrificing quality. This is not simply about automation. It is about precision in resource allocation. ## Reducing “Work Around the Work” Another major constraint on staffing ratios is administrative friction. Documentation, duplicate data entry, compliance tracking, manual outreach logging, and navigation across multiple systems create what many executives call “work around the work.” [CMS](https://www.cms.gov/priorities/key-initiatives/burden-reduction/administrative-simplification?utm_source=chatgpt.com) has noted that administrative complexity remains a leading contributor to inefficiency across healthcare operations.⁵ In care management, this friction reduces the amount of time clinicians spend in meaningful member interaction — the very activity that drives outcomes. Workflow automation and intelligent task routing reduce this burden. Platforms that integrate analytics directly into care workflows eliminate manual triage steps, streamline documentation, and automate follow-ups. This allows care managers to shift time from administrative coordination to member engagement. The result is higher throughput per care manager, not because teams work harder, but because the system removes unnecessary friction. ## [![CM Webpage Featured Image](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/hs-fs/hubfs/CM%20Webpage%20Featured%20Image.png?width=809&height=405&name=CM%20Webpage%20Featured%20Image.png)](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/care-management/) ## Engagement, Personalization, and Outcomes Tracking Improved staffing ratios must not come at the expense of quality. The most effective AI-enabled care management systems use analytics to personalize interventions, track progress, and monitor program-level performance. Advanced analytics support: - Early identification of gaps in care - Personalized outreach strategies - Continuous monitoring of member response - Program-level visibility for leadership [McKinsey](https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare/our-insights/healthcare-blog/how-insurer-led-care-model-innovation-can-transform-healthcare?utm_source=chatgpt.com) has found that care management programs that integrate analytics into execution — rather than simply reporting dashboards — achieve significantly higher ROI, in some cases 2:1 or greater. Operational intelligence ensures that higher caseloads remain clinically appropriate and outcome-driven. ## The Parallel Impact in Utilization Management Care management and utilization management (UM) staffing are increasingly interdependent. Automation in intake, benefit logic, and prior authorization routing reduces downstream clinical burden. Electronic authorizations, auto-approval rules, and intelligent decision routing decrease the need for intake staff and reduce nurse and medical director review volume. When automation determines which cases require clinical judgment versus rule-based resolution, staffing models become far more efficient. As AI matures across both CM and UM domains, the compounded effect on workforce efficiency becomes substantial. ## A Strategic Example: Vital Data Technology’s Affinitē CM  Vital Data Technology’s [Affinitē CM](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/care-management/) demonstrates how embedded analytics, AI-driven prioritization, and workflow automation can materially improve staffing efficiency across care programs. For example: - **Complex Care Management:** Typical caseloads increase from 25–30 to 40–50 members (~64% increase).   - **Chronic Condition Management:** From 30–40 to 40–60 members (~43% increase).   - **Transition of Care Management:** From 25–30 to 30–45 members (~36% increase).   - **Lifestyle & Prevention Programs:** From 60–75 to 75–90 members (~22% increase).   -  **Maternity Programs:** From 25–35 to 35–45 members (~33% average increase)  These gains are driven by AI-enabled prioritization, workflow streamlining, digital engagement tools, and embedded outcomes tracking. The operational implications are significant: - Lower cost per member managed - Increased outreach volume - Improved staff retention due to reduced administrative burden - Greater scalability without proportional staffing increases In short, staffing ratios improve because the platform reduces the level of effort required per member — not because expectations per care manager increase. ## The Strategic Imperative The convergence of analytics, AI, and workflow automation is transforming care management from a labor-intensive function into a precision-driven operating model. For payer executives, the question is no longer whether AI can support care management — it is whether organizations can afford not to deploy it. Workforce shortages are unlikely to ease in the near term. Member complexity will continue to rise. Regulatory scrutiny around outcomes and cost containment will intensify. Improving staffing ratios through operational intelligence is one of the most defensible and sustainable levers available. Vital Data Technology’s [Affinitē CM](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/care-management/) demonstrates that measurable improvements in caseload capacity are achievable when analytics and AI are embedded directly into workflows. By combining predictive prioritization, automation, and digital engagement capabilities, payers have increased caseloads across programs while maintaining or improving member engagement and outcomes. For health plans seeking to scale care management in a value-based environment, AI is not a future aspiration. It is an operational necessity.   [![Have questions about this article? Reach out now!](https://hubspot-no-cache-na2-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/cta/default/6044692/1ea6a093-1358-44ee-a789-537e3c72e631.png)](https://hubspot-cta-redirect-na2-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/cta/redirect/6044692/1ea6a093-1358-44ee-a789-537e3c72e631) Previous post [From Insights to Action: Why Predictive Analytics Alone Isn't Enough in Healthcare](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/from-insights-to-action-why-predictive-analytics-alone-isnt-enough-in-healthcare) Next post [The End of Manual Prior Authorization: Why Payers Must Move to Intelligent PA Now](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/the-end-of-manual-prior-authorization-why-payers-must-move-to-intelligent-pa-now) ### Recent Posts - [Beyond Predictive Analytics: Why Health Plans Need an Operating Model for AI](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/beyond-predictive-analytics-why-health-plans-need-an-operating-model-for-ai) - [Preparing for HEDIS® MY 2027: Five Trends Every Health Plan Should Be Planning for Now](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/preparing-for-hedis-my-2027-five-trends-every-health-plan-should-be-planning-for-now) - [Vital Data Technology Achieves NCQA HEDIS® MY 2026 Certification](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/vital-data-technology-achieves-ncqa-hedis-my-2026-certification) - [Beyond Silos: Why the Next Generation of Value-Based Care Depends on Integrating UM, Care Management, and Payment Integrity](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/beyond-silos-why-the-next-generation-of-value-based-care-depends-on-integrating-um-care-management-and-payment-integrity) - [The Shift Left Imperative: Why the Future of Value-Based Care Starts Before the Visit](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/the-shift-left-imperative-why-the-future-of-value-based-care-starts-before-the-visit) ### Archives - [December 2021 (4)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2021/12) - [July 2025 (4)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2025/07) - [May 2021 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2021/05) - [March 2022 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2022/03) - [November 2022 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2022/11) - [December 2022 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2022/12) - [December 2024 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/12) - [February 2025 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2025/02) - [September 2025 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2025/09) - [January 2026 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2026/01) - [March 2026 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2026/03) - [May 2026 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2026/05) - [June 2026 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2026/06) - [July 2026 (3)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2026/07) - [March 2021 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2021/03) - [July 2021 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2021/07) - [October 2021 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2021/10) - [January 2022 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2022/01) - [April 2022 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2022/04) - [July 2022 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2022/07) - [August 2022 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2022/08) - [July 2024 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/07) - [August 2024 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/08) - [January 2025 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2025/01) - [March 2025 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2025/03) - [April 2025 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2025/04) - [June 2025 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2025/06) - [August 2025 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2025/08) - [December 2025 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2025/12) - [February 2026 (2)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2026/02) - [September 2020 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2020/09) - [October 2020 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2020/10) - [November 2020 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2020/11) - [January 2021 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2021/01) - [February 2021 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2021/02) - [June 2021 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2021/06) - [November 2021 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2021/11) - [February 2022 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2022/02) - [June 2022 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2022/06) - [October 2022 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2022/10) - [April 2023 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2023/04) - [May 2023 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2023/05) - [June 2023 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2023/06) - [August 2023 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2023/08) - [September 2023 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2023/09) - [October 2023 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2023/10) - [November 2023 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2023/11) - [January 2024 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/01) - [February 2024 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/02) - [March 2024 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/03) - [April 2024 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/04) - [May 2024 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/05) - [June 2024 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/06) - [September 2024 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/09) - [October 2024 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/10) - [November 2024 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2024/11) - [May 2025 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2025/05) - [April 2026 (1)](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/archive/2026/04) See all ### Categories - [intelligent automation](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/intelligent-automation) - [Quality Improvement](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/quality-improvement) - [Artificial Intelligence](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/artificial-intelligence) - [Care Management](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/care-management) - [Data Science](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/data-science) - [AI](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/ai) - [Utilization Management](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/utilization-management) - [HEDIS](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/hedis) - [Industry Insight](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/industry-insight) - [Intelligent Prior Authorization](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/intelligent-prior-authorization) - [News](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/news) - [Population Health](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/population-health) - [Healthcare Payer](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/healthcare-payer) - [Predictive Models](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/predictive-models) - [Risk Adjustment](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/risk-adjustment) - [Medicare Advantage](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/medicare-advantage) - [NCQA](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/ncqa) - [Predictive Analytics](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/predictive-analytics) - [Agentic AI](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/agentic-ai) - [Prior Authorization](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/prior-authorization) - [Behavioral Health](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/behavioral-health) - [Medicare](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/medicare) - [Payer Industry Trends](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/payer-industry-trends) - [Social Determinants of Health](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/social-determinants-of-health) - [Value-Based Care](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/value-based-care) - [Appeals & Grievances](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/appeals-grievances) - [CMS-0057-F](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/cms-0057-f) - [COVID](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/covid) - [Cloud-Native Platform](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/cloud-native-platform) - [Interoperability](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/interoperability) - [AI Agents](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/ai-agents) - [AMP Certification](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/amp-certification) - [Care Gaps](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/care-gaps) - [CareFlow Intelligence](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/careflow-intelligence) - [Compliance](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/compliance) - [FHIR](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/fhir) - [Gen AI](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/gen-ai) - [Insights](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/insights) - [Rules Engine](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/rules-engine) - [Staffing Ratios](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/staffing-ratios) - [Star Ratings](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/star-ratings) - [Aii](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/aii) - [Cloud native](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/cloud-native) - [HEDIS Measurement Year 2026](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/hedis-measurement-year-2026) - [Integration](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/integration) - [Medical Loss Ratio](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/medical-loss-ratio) - [Medical Management](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/medical-management) - [Member Engagement](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/member-engagement) - [Provider Engagement](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/provider-engagement) - [Regulations](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/regulations) - [TPAs](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/tag/tpas) ### Subscribe to Our Newsletter [![VitalData_Main Logo](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/hs-fs/hubfs/VitalData_Main%20Logo.png?width=2793&height=595&name=VitalData_Main%20Logo.png "VitalData_Main Logo")](https://vitaldatatechnology.com/) Vital Data Technology is transforming the healthcare ecosystem by empowering healthcare stakeholders with prescriptive insights to improve member health and lower costs. Vital Data Technology leverages embedded, real-time data science, AI, and analytics together to drive intelligent automation through their cloud-based Affinitē platform. #### Follow Us - - #### Recent News - [Beyond Predictive Analytics: Why Health Plans Need an Operating Model for AI](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/how-data-analytics-and-ai-are-redefining-care-management-staffing-ratios) - [Preparing for HEDIS® MY 2027: Five Trends Every Health Plan Should Be Planning for Now](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/how-data-analytics-and-ai-are-redefining-care-management-staffing-ratios) - [Vital Data Technology Achieves NCQA HEDIS® MY 2026 Certification](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/how-data-analytics-and-ai-are-redefining-care-management-staffing-ratios) - [Beyond Silos: Why the Next Generation of Value-Based Care Depends on Integrating UM, Care Management, and Payment Integrity](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/how-data-analytics-and-ai-are-redefining-care-management-staffing-ratios) - [The Shift Left Imperative: Why the Future of Value-Based Care Starts Before the Visit](https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/how-data-analytics-and-ai-are-redefining-care-management-staffing-ratios) #### Contact Info ###### Address 800 Newport Center Drive, Suite 450 Newport Beach, CA 92660 ###### Phone [(866) 482-8399](tel:%208664828399) ###### Email [info@vitaldatatech.com](mailto:info@vitaldatatech.com) Copyright © 2026 Vital Data Technology POWERED BY VITAL DATA TECHNOLOGY ![](https://ws.zoominfo.com/pixel/61e7005c1fad08001ae33ad3) ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "BlogPosting", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Vital Data Technology", "url" : "https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/author/vital-data-technology" }, "dateModified" : "2026-02-25T01:21:40.043Z", "datePublished" : "2026-02-25T00:34:50.000Z", "headline" : "How Data Analytics and AI Are Redefining Care Management Staffing Ratios", "image" : [ "https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/hubfs/AdobeStock_1869599458.jpeg" ], "mainEntityOfPage" : { "@id" : "https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/how-data-analytics-and-ai-are-redefining-care-management-staffing-ratios", "@type" : "WebPage" }, "publisher" : { "@type" : "Organization", "logo" : { "@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https://insights.vitaldatatechnology.com/hubfs/VitalData_Main%20Logo.png" }, "name" : "Vital Data Technology" } } ```